Safety Tips 

To help your child avoid injuries while in-line skating and skateboarding, follow these safety tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, and other sports and health organizations. (Note: Adult skaters should heed this advice, too.)

• Make sure your child wears all the required safety gear every time he or she skates. All skaters should wear a helmet, knee and elbow pads, and wrist guards. If your child does tricks or plays roller hockey, make sure he or she wears heavy-duty gear.
• Check your child's helmet for proper fit. The helmet should be worn flat on the head, with the bottom edge parallel to the ground. It should fit snugly and should not move around in any direction when your child shakes his or her head.
• Choose in-line skates or a skateboard that best suits your child's ability and skating style. If your child is a novice, choose in-line skates with three or four wheels. Skates with five wheels are only for experienced skaters and people who skate long distances. Choose a skateboard designed for your child's type of riding–slalom, freestyle, or speed. Some boards are rated for the weight of the rider.
• Find a smooth skating surface for your child; good choices are skating trails and driveways without much slope (but be careful about children skating into traffic). Check for holes, bumps, and debris that could make your child fall. Novice in-line skaters should start out in a skating rink where the surface is smooth and flat and where speed is controlled.
• Don't let your child skate in areas with high pedestrian or vehicle traffic. Children should not skate in the street or on vehicle parking ramps.
• Tell your child never to skitch. Skitching is the practice of holding on to a moving vehicle in order to skate very fast. People have died while skitching.
• If your child is new to in-line skating, lessons from an instructor certified by the International In-line Skating Association may be helpful. These lessons show proper form and teach how to stop. Check with your local parks and recreation department to find a qualified instructor.
• If your child gets injured while skating, see your doctor. Follow all the doctor's instructions for your child=s recovery, and get the doctor's OK before your child starts skating again.

Who Is Affected?

Millions of people in the U.S.–the majority of them under age 25–take part in in-line skating and skateboarding as a form of recreation and exercise. But these sports can be dangerous, especially when safety precautions are ignored. Each year, more than 100,000 skaters are injured seriously enough to need medical care in hospital emergency departments, doctors' offices, clinics, and outpatient centers. Most of these injuries occur when skaters lose control, skate over an obstacle, skate too fast, or perform a trick.

While most skating injuries are minor or require only outpatient care, 36 fatalities have been reported since 1992. Thirty-one of those skating deaths were from collisions with motor vehicles. Among all age groups, 63 percent of skating injuries are fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains, and avulsions (tears). More than one-third of skating injuries are to the wrist area, with two-thirds of these injuries being fractures and dislocations. Approximately 5 percent are head injuries.

Safety gear has been shown to be highly effective in preventing injuries among skaters. Pads can reduce wrist and elbow injuries by about 85 percent and knee injuries by 32 percent. Although studies have not determined the degree to which helmets reduce head injuries among skaters, helmets have been shown to be highly protective among bicyclists.

Despite the proven safety benefits and relative low cost of helmets and pads, many skaters don't wear them. Nearly two-thirds of injured in-line skaters and skateboarders were not wearing safety gear when they crashed. One study found that one-third of skaters wear no safety gear, and another one-third use only some of the recommended safety equipment. Teens are least likely to wear all the safety gear. Nine out of ten beginning skaters wear all the safety gear, but studies have shown that many skaters shed the helmet and pads as they gain experience.

Safety Resources 

American Academy of Pediatrics

In 1998, AAP issued a statement on in-line skating injuries in children and adolescents (www.aap.org/policy/re9739.html). Call AAP at 847-228-5097.

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

Through the public information link on the AAOS home page (www.aaos.org) , you can access fact sheets on a variety of popular sports, including in-line skating. Call 1-800-346-2267.

Brain Injury Association

BIA's fact sheet on sports and concussion safety (www.biausa.org/Prevfacts.htm) provides data on brain injuries for several sports, including in-line skating. Call 1-800-444-6443.

U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission

CPSC offers kids advice on skateboard and in-line skating safety (www.cpsc.gov/kids/skate.html). Call 1-800-638-2772.

National Pediatric Trauma Registry

The NPTR, which studies the causes, circumstances, and outcomes of injuries to children, has a fact sheet on in-line skating injuries (www.nemc.org/rehab/factshee.htm).

National SAFE KIDS Campaign

Visit the SAFE KIDS home page (www.safekids.org) to access fact sheets on sports and recreation injuries. Call 202-662-0600.

National Youth Sports Safety Foundation

NYSSF (www.nyssf.org) has a variety of fact sheets on sports safety available for purchase. Call 617-277-1171.

References 

The data and safety tips in this fact sheet were obtained from the following sources:

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Injuries from in-line skating. Position statement. Available at www.aaos.org/wordhtml/papers/position/inline.htm. Accessed July 8, 1999.

American Academy of Pediatrics. In-line skating injuries in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 1998;101(4):720-721.

CDC. Toy safety–United States, 1984. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1985;34(5):755-6, 761-2.

National Pediatric Trauma Registry. Falls while skating or skateboarding. NPTR fact sheet #9. April 1999. Available at www.nemc.org/rehab/factshee.htm. Accessed July 7, 1999.

Schieber R, Branche-Dorsey C, Ryan G. Comparison of in-line skating injuries with rollerskating and skateboarding injuries. JAMA 1994;271(23):1856-1858.

Schieber R, Branche C. In-line skating injuries: Epidemiology and recommendations for prevention. Sports Medicine 1995;19(6):427-432.

U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. CPSC projects sharp rise in in-line skating injuries. News release, June 21, 1995. Available at www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml95/95135.html. Accessed July 12, 1999.

U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Safety commission warns about hazards with in-line roller skates: Safety alert. CPSC document #5050. Available at www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/5050.html. Accessed July 12, 1999.

U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Holiday skateboard and rollerskates safety. Available at www.cpsc.gov/kids/skate.html. Accessed July 12, 1999.